Think, that: Why Did The 1848 Revolutions Fail
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Why Did The 1848 Revolutions Fail - sorry
The internet left is a strange place. All kinds of strange arguments are advanced by strange adherents of tendencies morphed by internet culture. Well, according to internet Marxist-Leninists, the communist party controlled states of the 20th century are indications of the success of the tendency they subscribe to in fomenting social revolution, be it in the Russian, Chinese, or Cuban Revolutions. They are successful because they created long-lasting regimes out of the overthrow of the old authorities which provided for their populations through social programs and carried out development. Rather than being a living analytic and strategic approach to fomenting progressive social change in this century it is clinging to nostalgia for dear life. Populations generally hoped that the latter section of the left was right. The states were the main political structures of the world and so using their centralized power to confront complex situations produced by the collision and accumulation of social forces seemed most expedient.German Marxism has made its way into all the countries of Europe, and its tactical and theoretical principles have been widely adopted.
As a Dix system Marxism had to prove its validity in the struggle with extant social and political conditions, and in competition with other social and socialistic theories. England had its parliamentarism and its trade unionism, and in that country there has been little trace of a revolutionary movement since the days of the chartists. France, on the other hand, possesses the tradition of the great revolution and of several other notable revolutions; it has numerous socialistic systems and parties; it is a republic sui generis. In England and France, therefore, Marxism has made headway Why Did The 1848 Revolutions Fail, and only by small degrees has it been accepted by the working classes and their leaders. The assassination of Emperor Alexander II constitutes, as it were, a boundary stone between Russian socialism and Marxist socialism.
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In Russia, absolutism is dominant, absolutism in a markedly theocratic form; the country is predominantly agricultural, for manufacturing industry is found as yet in scattered oases only, and we cannot speak here of industrialisation as it is known in western lands. Owing to all these circumstances, Marxism in Russia has had to undertake peculiar tasks. It was mainly a practical question of tactics which, after the split in the Zemlja i Volja in the yearled a section of the revolutionaries and socialists into the Marxist camp.
Plehanov, the leader of this group, says of himself that by he had already in large, part become a social democrat he does not say that he had become a Marxist. It was not by chance that Plehanov and his followers turned above all to Germany to study social democracy and to learn from Why Did The 1848 Revolutions Fail German that Ojibway heritage serious?. The Marxist recruits followed in the footsteps of their leaders, and it must be remembered that it had long been customary Why Did The 1848 Revolutions Fail supplement Russian culture by studies in Germany.
The reconstituted empire, led by Bismarckdeliberately took up the campaign against socialism in the name of legitimate monarchy, so that from this aspect Prussia is a more advanced Russia. None the less, the development of Marxism in Germany took the direction of reformist revisionism and parliamentarism, and by German influence the Russian Marxists were likewise urged in the direction of revisionism. As early asStruve declared that he was not wholly orthodox.
Apart from differences of tactics, the Marxists were distinguished from the socialistic narodniki in respect of the historical and philosophical explanation of the evolution of Russia, the chief problem being whether Russia was already in a position in which she would be able to realise the socialistic order, although the country had not passed through all the stages of economic evolution that were known to Europe. Above all it was a disputed point whether Russia would have to traverse a capitalist stage in order, in accordance with the Marxist law of evolution, to pass from capitalism to socialism.
Finally there was a struggle upon the philosophical plane. It is true that the Russian socialists and radicals were materialists; like Why Did The 1848 Revolutions Fail and Engels, they were disciples of Feuerbach; adhesion to Comte and positivism was common ground. But Marxism, with its historic or economic materialism, involved a distinct trend. In addition, it was the so-called subjective method which separated the Russian socialists and radicals from the-Marxists. The Marxists adopted a thoroughly objectivist standpoint.
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Eliminating, or at least ignoring, the individual consciousness, they took the masses and the laws of their historical evolution as valid arguments for the realisation of socialism. The significance and the foundation of socialism were differently conceived in the two camps. The controversy was one of ethics versus history.]
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