Slade, J. Compensatory growth in novel Drosophila Akt1 mutants. BMC Res Notes 8: PubMed ID: Summary: The insulin receptor signalling pathway with its central component, the Akt1 kinase, and endpoint regulator, the transcription factor Foxoplays a significant role in the control of growth. Imprecise excision of a PZ P-element inserted in the upstream region of Akt1 generated several mutations that lead to small, viable flies that presented with delays in development.
Suppression of this phenotype by the directed expression of Akt1- indicates that the phenotypes observed are Akt1 dependent. Somatic clones of the eyes, consisting of homozygous tissue in otherwise heterozygous organisms that develop within a standard timeframe, signify that more severe phenotypes are masked by an extension in the time of development of homozygous mutants.
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Generation of flies having the hypomorphic Akt1 alleles and a null allele Output Essays the downstream target foxo result in a phenotype very similar to that of the foxo mutant and do not resemble the Akt1 mutants. It is concluded that developmental delay of these novel Akt1 hypomorphs results in a latent phenotype uncovered by generation of somatic clones. The Observation Camp Near Jaslo Analysis growth occurring during the extended time of development appears to be implemented through alteration of foxo activity. Production of clones is an effective and informative way to observe the effects of mutations that result in small, viable, developmentally delayed flies.
Jevtov, I. TORC2 mediates the heat stress response in Drosophila by promoting the formation of stress granules. J Cell Sci [Epub ahead of print].
This study asked whether TORC2, disrupted by use of Rictor mutant flies, has a role in sustaining cellular stress. TORC2 inhibition in Drosophila was shown to lead to a reduced tolerance to heat stress. The phosphorylation of the stress activated protein kinases Cqmp not modulated by TORC2, nor is the heat-induced upregulation of heat shock proteins.
Instead, it was shown, both in vivo and in cultured cells, that TORC2 is required for the assembly of heat-induced cytoprotective ribonucleoprotein particles, the pro-survival stress granules.
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These granules are formed in response to protein translation inhibition imposed by heat stress that appears less efficient in the absence of TORC2 function. It is proposed that TORC2 mediates heat resistance in Drosophila by promoting the cell autonomous formation of stress granules. Johnson, J.
TORC2: a novel target for treating age-associated memory impairment. Sci Rep 5: PubMed ID: Summary: Memory decline is one of the greatest health threats of the twenty-first century. Because of the widespread increase in life expectancy, 20 percent of the global population will be Observation Camp Near Jaslo Analysis 60 in and the problems caused by age-related memory loss will be dramatically aggravated. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this inevitable process are not well understood. This study shows that the activity of the recently discovered mechanistic target of rapamycin mTOR complex 2 mTORC2, see Drosophila TOR and Rictor declines with age in the brain of both fruit flies and rodents and that the loss of mTORC2-mediated actin polymerization contributes to age-associated memory loss.
In contrast to the current approaches to enhance memory that have primarily targeted the regulation of gene expression epigenetic, transcriptional, and translationalthe data points to a novel, evolutionarily conserved mechanism for restoring memory that is dependent on structural plasticity. These insights into the molecular basis of age-related memory loss may hold promise for new treatments for cognitive disorders. Mensah, L. Biol Open [Epub ahead of print]. It controls transcriptional regulators, Observation Camp Near Jaslo Analysis addition to promoting signalling by mechanistic Target of Rapamycin mTOR Complex 1 mTORC1; see Torwhich stimulates biosynthesis of proteins and other macromolecules, and drives organismal growth.
Previous studies in nutrient-storing germline nurse cells of the Drosophila ovary showed that a cytoplasmic pool of activated phosphorylated Akt pAkt controlled by Pten, an antagonist of IIS, cell-autonomously regulates accumulation of large lipid droplets in these cells at late stages of oogenesis. This study shows that the large lipid droplet phenotype induced by Pten mutation is strongly read article when mTor function is removed. Speder, P. Systemic and local cues drive neural stem cell niche remodelling during neurogenesis in Drosophila.]
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