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A tale of two masks in court: Ontario and Quebec judges rule for and against maskless speaking Galiatsatos acknowledged that COVID has taken a terrible toll on Quebec society. Ontario judge rules witness must wear mask In the Ontario case, Ontario Court of Justice Julie Bourgeois made it clear that everyone in her courtroom must wear a mask during the pandemic, according to Ontario law. Although the court appointed him counsel to cross-examine the complainant, he is representing himself. In this case, the accused denies the allegations. On the morning of the trial, Galiatsatos raised the issue of face coverings and canvassed the courtroom on the new directive on masks. The court-appointed defence counsel preferred that the complainants uncover their faces for cross-examination. The accused, who planned to do his own cross-examination of other witnesses, also said he would prefer the complainant not to wear a mask. The Crown also said that having witnesses testify without masks is far better, allowing the court to properly assess their accounts' probative value. Canadian Criminal Justice System

This proportion varied by jurisdiction. The extent of this situation has been noted as a challenge to the presumption of innocence due to the reverse onus placed on the accused. Footnote 15 These issues Canwdian recently been acknowledged in a report on Bail and Remand in Ontario which recommended a wide range of actions to address the situation. Footnote Canadian Criminal Justice System Figure 3. Excludes Prince Edward Island and Alberta due to the unavailability of data for the full period.

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Table - Adult correctional services, average counts of adults in provincial and territorial programs, annual. Custom tabluation, Department of Justice Canada. A coloured line graph in which the blue line represents individuals who Systej been sentenced to custody while the orange line represents those who are among the remand population meaning they are accused persons detained in custody awaiting a trial. The Y axis is measured as a numerical value in increments of 2, ranging from 0 to 14, Table Administration of justice offences represent almost one-quarter of cases Also of importance to the overall efficiency of the Court is the impact of charges for administration of justice offences AOJOsuch as failure to appear in court, breach of a probation order, being unlawfully at large, Canacian failure to comply with an order. Footnote 24 Crime is highest in provincial north and Territories Crime in the north remains a particular concern. Footnote 26 In addition to assault, northern Canadian Criminal Justice System had notably higher rates of sexual assault and sexual violations against children, as well as high rates of criminal harassment, uttering Canavian and just click for source or harassing phone calls compared to the south.

In addition to a higher volume of police-reported crime, the CSI was also notably higher in the provincial north High rates of crime and violence in the north here influenced by many of factors. Many northerners live in small, isolated communities or remote areas and face the challenges of low education levels, high unemployment, and low income. These conditions are often accompanied by high levels of substance abuse, particularly alcohol. Footnote 27 Figure Canadian Criminal Justice System.

Canadian Criminal Justice System

One incident may involve multiple violations. The coloured horizontal bar graph represents police-reported crime rates by north Canadisn south regions of Canada in Because this is a horizontal bar graph, there are categories are on the vertical axis and values on the horizontal axis. There are in total 14 categories in the vertical axis. The horizontal axis starts at 0 and ends at 60, with ticks every 10, points.

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There are 2 series in this graph. The horizontal axis is "rate perpopulation. Footnote 28 Figure 5. Calculations where Aboriginal identity is known. Sources: Statistics Canada. Custom tabulation prepared by Justice Canada. The Y axis is measured as each province and territory in Canada. Footnote 29 Large proportion of Chronic Offending A disproportionate amount of criminal activity, particularly for property and administration of justice offences, is committed by a small number of offenders. Footnote 31 Inproperty offences more info. Footnote 34 Police have noted an increase in calls for service, a significant percentage of which include incidents related to mental health and addiction issues. Footnote 35 In cases like these, police become the default Canadian Criminal Justice System.

Canadian Criminal Justice System

There are various responses from the CJS to address these issues, including specialized courts and diversion programs.]

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