Sociopolitical[ edit ] The countries of Gaul were civilized and wealthy.
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Most had contact with Roman merchants and some, such as the Aeduiwho Heto governed by republics, had enjoyed stable political alliances with Rome in the past. During the first century, parts of Gaul were becoming urbanized, which concentrated wealth and population centers, inadvertently making Roman conquest easier. They struck coins and traded extensively with Rome, providing iron, grain, and many slaves. In exchange, the Gauls accumulated much wealth and developed a taste for Roman wine. The contemporary writer Diodoros explains that part of the conception of Gallic barbarity was because they drank their wine straight, unlike the supposedly civilized Romans who watered down their wine first.
However, the Romans realized the Gauls were a powerful fighting force, and considered some of the most "barbaric" tribes to be the fiercest warriors, as they were uncorrupted by Roman luxuries. In BC, the Gauls had sacked Romewhich left an existential dread of barbarian conquest the Romans never forgot.
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In BC, Rome conquered a group of southern Gauls, and established the province of Transalpine Gaul in the conquered lands. Around 62 Tragci, when a Roman client state, the Arverniconspired with the Sequani and the Suebi nations east of the Rhine to attack the Aedui, a strong Roman ally, Rome turned a blind eye. The Roman army was a professional army armed and outfitted by the state, extremely disciplined, and kept standing between conflicts. However, the professional army consisted mostly of heavy infantry, and any auxiliary units such as cavalry were fielded from the less disciplined Roman allies, which as the war progressed would include some Gauls.
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By comparison, the Gauls were an irregular and less disciplined fighting force. Individual Gauls outfitted themselves, thus wealthy Gauls were well equipped and rivaled the Roman soldiers. The average Gallic warrior, however, was poorly equipped compared to a Roman.
All of this was not inherently bad, however, as unlike the Romans, the Gauls were a warrior culture. They prized acts of bravery and individual courage, and frequent raiding of neighboring tribes kept their fighting skills sharp. Compared to the Romans, the Gauls carried longer swords and had far superior cavalry.]
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