Language In Society: The Relationship Between Language And Video
The Relationship Between Language and Society - Linguistics Language In Society: The Relationship Between Language And
Proposals relating Japonic languages to Southeast Asian language families[ edit ] Several linguists have proposed that the Japonic languages are genetically related to the Austronesian languages. Those who propose the latter scenario suggest that the Austronesian family once covered most of southern Japan.
The phonological similarities of Japanese to the Austronesian languagesand the geographical proximity of Japan to Formosa and the Malay Archipelago have led to the Languaage that Japanese may be a kind of mixed languagewith a Korean or Altaic superstratum and an Austronesian substratum. Benedict suggests a genetic relation between Japanese and the Austro-Tai languageswhich include Kra-Dai and Austronesian.
He proposes that Kra-Dai and Japanese form a genetic mainland group while Austronesian is the insular group. He notes that Benedict's idea of a relation between Japanese and Kra-Dai should not be rejected out of hand, but he considers the relationship between them not to be genetic, but rather a contact one.
According to him, this contact must be quite old and quite intense, as the borrowed words belong partially to a very basic vocabulary. He further says that this evidence refutes any genetic relations between Japanese and Altaic.
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On the other hand, John Whitman does not support that these words were loanwords into proto-Japonic, but that these words are of Japonic origin and must be rather old. Based on earlier proposals for a genealogical link between the latter two, the inclusion of Japonic within this clade is assumed to be the result of contact between Ainu and Japonic. According to him, Japanese is closely related to the Sino-Tibetan languagesespecially to the Lolo-Burmese languages of southern China and Southeast-Asia. Because of similar grammar rules SOV word ordersyntaxsimilar non-loan basic vocabulary and the fact that some Sino-Tibetan languages including proto-Sino-Tibetan were non-tonal, he proposed the "Sinitic" origin theory. Japanese is grouped together with Korean as one group of the descendants of Proto-Asian.
The proposal further includes the Austric languagesKra-Dai, Hmong-Mien and Sino-Tibetan [48] Further information: Dravidian languages and Dravido-Korean languages A more rarely encountered hypothesis is that Japanese and Korean are related to the Dravidian languages. The possibility that Japanese might be related to Dravidian was raised by Robert Caldwell cf. The Japanese professor Tsutomu Kambe claimed to have found more than similar words about agriculture between Tamil and Japanese in He based his hypothesis on some similar basic words, similar morphology and phonology.
According to him early Japanese got influenced from Chinese, Austronesian and Ainu. Because of a great amount of similar vocabulary, phonology, similar Anf, and geographical and cultural connections, he and Takeshi Umehara suggested that Japanese was closely related to the Ainu languages, and was influenced by other languages, especially Chinese and Korean. Analytic grammatical constructions acquired or transformed in Ainu were likely due to contact with Japanese and the Japonic languages, which had heavy influence on the Ainu languages with a large number of loanwords borrowed into the Ainu languages, and to a smaller extent, vice versa.]
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