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The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Patrice Marandel This title is out of print. Share Description The latter half of the eighteenth century was an era of contradictions: unparalleled luxury and abject poverty; absolute monarchs and republican pamphleteers; unquestioned faith and reasoned skepticism; Rococo fantasy and classical purity—an epoch that witnessed the splendid, waning hours of the old order and the violent birth of the modern age. In painting, the intensity of the Baroque had given way to a multitude of styles: refinement in the portraiture of Batoni, Mengs, and Gainsborough; passion and pleasure in the paintings of Fragonard; and a curious mingling of archaeology and fantasy in the works of artists like Pannini, Piranesi, and Robert. There was also a renewed fascination with the classical world—fired by the discovery of the buried cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Flocking to Rome as they had done for centuries, artists came to worship at the shrine of the antique, and now, on the Grand Tour, their patrons joined them—all seeking to distill from the Eternal City the transcendent truths of Europe's classical forebears. The severe Neoclassical aesthetic found its most daring proponent in David. His Death of Socrates—austere in tone, spare of anecdote, and archaeologically and morally "correct"—provided on the eve of revolution the visual correlative of republican hopes. As Napoleon's army forcibly exported the ideals of the Revolution across Europe, so, too, it spread the state-supported aesthetic: The Empire style in the decorative arts and the Neoclassical style in paintingsignified as fundamental a change in the European sensibility as had the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the regicide that followed it. The Enlightenment And Enlightenment: Romanticism And The

From the statue-toppling summer of to the renaming of public schools and the Dr. These initiatives should ideally be arbitrated individually and contextually.

The Age Of Enlightenment: The Enlightenment And The Enlightenment

Sometimes statues are icons of state mythology. When placed prominently in the public domain they carry the imprimatur of government, the state is explicitly endorsing the narrative of such works and encouraging veneration of their subjects.

The Enlightenment And Enlightenment: Romanticism And The

In this context, removing Robert E. Both signal a significant change in governing narrative. The estate of Theodor Geisel is a private entity whose editorial decisions cannot be confused with the maintenance of state mythology. Publishers make curatorial decisions.

The Enlightenment And Enlightenment: Romanticism And The

They must be mindful when the evolution of public sentiment renders certain works controversial enough to damage their commercial brand. Sometimes they drop titles. The Stratemeyer Syndicate took the latter course in when they updated their Nancy Drew, Hardy Boys and Tom Swift books, which included pruning racial and ethnic stereotypes. More disturbing is the Enliyhtenment of David Hume, a luminary of 18th century Enlightenment philosophy. Those ideas, highly progressive in their day, are part of the essential firmament that undergirds liberal democracy, as evidenced by the most famous artifact of Enlightenment thinking: the U. Declaration of Independence.

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The Age of Enlightenment was a disorganized movement that stood on the shoulders of Renaissance humanism and the Scientific Revolution to challenge conventional wisdom that included belief in witchcraft, transmutation, faith healing and mystical explanations for everyday phenomena. Leveraging the rise of the printing press, Enlightenment thinkers turned the search for truth and knowledge into an open source, collective endeavor. They advanced powerful new ideals — individual liberty, constitutional government, the separation of church and state — that undermined the authority of monarchies and the Catholic Church.]

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