Zitkalas The School Days Of An Indian Girl Video
Zitkalas The School Days Of An Indian Girl.The Library of Celsus in Ephesus was built by the Romans in — Numerous important cities were founded by these colonists, such as MiletusEphesusSmyrna now İzmir and Byzantium now Istanbulthe latter founded by Greek colonists from Megara in BC.
The territory of Turkey later fell to Alexander the Great in BC, [48] which led to increasing cultural homogeneity and Hellenization in the area. Following the death of Theodosius I in and the permanent division of the Roman Empire between his two sons, the city, which would popularly come to be known as Constantinoplebecame the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.
This empire, which would later be branded by historians as the Byzantine Empireruled most of the territory of present-day Turkey until the Late Middle Ages ; Ibdian although the eastern regions remained firmly in Sasanian hands up to the first half of the seventh century. The frequent Byzantine-Sassanid Warsas part of the centuries long-lasting Roman-Persian Warsfought between the neighbouring rivalling Byzantines and Sasanians, took place in various parts of present-day Turkey and decided much of the latter's[ clarification needed ] history from the fourth century up to the first half of the seventh century. Inthe Seljuks defeated the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikertstarting the Turkification go here in the area; the Turkish language and Islam were introduced to Armenia and Anatolia, gradually spreading throughout the region.
Departments
The slow transition from a predominantly Christian and Greek -speaking Anatolia to a predominantly Muslim and Turkish-speaking one was underway. The Mevlevi Order of dervisheswhich was established in Konya during the 13th century by Sufi poet Celaleddin Rumiplayed a significant role in the Islamization of the diverse people of Anatolia who had previously been Hellenized.
In its wake, one of the Turkish principalities governed by Osman I would evolve over the next years into the Ottoman Empire.
The Ottomans completed their conquest of the Byzantine Empire by capturing its capital, Constantinoplein their commander thenceforth being known as Mehmed the Conqueror. InSultan Selim I — successfully expanded the empire's southern and eastern borders by defeating Shah Ismail I of the Safavid dynasty in the Battle of Chaldiran.
Subsequently, a contest started between the Ottoman and Portuguese empires to become the dominant sea power in the Indian Oceanwith a number of naval battles in the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf.
Shop By Brand
The Portuguese presence in the Indian Ocean was perceived as a threat to the Ottoman monopoly over Tobin Essays ancient trade routes between East Asia and Western Europe. Despite the increasingly prominent European presence, the Ottoman Empire's trade with the east continued to flourish until the second half of the 18th century.
The Ottoman Empire's power and prestige peaked in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificentwho personally instituted major legislative changes relating to society, education, taxation and criminal law. The empire was often at odds with the Holy Roman Empire in its steady advance towards Central Europe through the Balkans and the southern part of the Polish—Lithuanian Commonwealth.
In the east, the Ottomans were often at war with Safavid Persia over conflicts stemming from territorial disputes or religious differences between the 16th and 18th centuries. Even further east, there was an extension of the Habsburg-Ottoman conflict, in that the Ottomans also had to Zitkalas The School Days Of An Indian Girl soldiers to their farthest and easternmost vassal and territory, the Aceh Sultanate [68] [69] in Southeast Asiato defend it from European colonizers as well as the Latino invaders who had crossed from Latin America and had Christianized the formerly Muslim-dominated Philippines.
From the 16th to the early 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire also fought twelve wars with the Russian Tsardom and Empire.
Navigation menu
Zitkalas The School Days Of An Indian Girl These were initially about Ottoman territorial expansion and consolidation in southeastern and eastern Europe; but starting from the Russo-Turkish War —they became more about the survival of the Ottoman Empire, which had begun to lose its strategic territories on the northern Black Sea coast to the advancing Russians. From the second half of the 18th century onwards, the Ottoman Empire began to decline. The Tanzimat reforms, initiated by Mahmud II just before his death inaimed to modernise the Ottoman state in line with the progress that had been made in Western Europe.
The efforts of Midhat Pasha during the late Tanzimat era led the Ottoman constitutional movement ofwhich introduced the First Constitutional Erabut these efforts proved to be inadequate in most fields, and failed to stop the dissolution of the empire. The decline of the Ottoman Empire led to a rise in nationalist sentiment among its various subject peoplesleading to increased ethnic tensions which occasionally burst into violence, such as the Hamidian massacres of Armenians.
Bolton School I Am Looking For
In the Second Balkan War the Ottomans managed to recover their former capital Edirne Adrianople and its surrounding areas in East Thracewhich was formalised with the Treaty of Constantinople The Ottomans successfully defended the Dardanelles strait during the Gallipoli campaign — and achieved initial victories against British forces in the first two years of the Mesopotamian campaignsuch as the Siege of Kut — ; but the Arab Revolt — turned the tide against the Ottomans in the Middle East. In the Caucasus campaignhowever, the Russian forces had the upper hand from the beginning, especially after the Battle of Sarikamish http://pinsoftek.com/wp-content/custom/summer-plan-essay/sphygmomanometer-essays.php Russian forces advanced into northeastern Anatolia and controlled the major cities there until retreating from World War I with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk following the Russian Revolution During the war, the empire's Armenians were deported to Syria as part of the Armenian Genocide.
As a result, an estimatedto 1, Armenians were killed.]
One thought on “Zitkalas The School Days Of An Indian Girl”