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Richard Milhous Nixon January 9, — April 22, was the 37th president of the United States , serving from to A member of the Republican Party , Nixon previously served as the 36th vice president from to , having risen to national prominence as a representative and senator from California. After five years in the White House that saw the conclusion to the U. Nixon was born into a poor family of Quakers in a small town in Southern California. He and his wife Pat moved to Washington in to work for the federal government. He was elected to the House of Representatives in His pursuit of the Hiss Case established his reputation as a leading anti-Communist which elevated him to national prominence. In , he was elected to the Senate. He was the running mate of Dwight D. Richard Van Camp on Native American Authors.Cookies on FT Sites
George Washington February 22, [b] — December 14was an American political leader, military general, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from to Previously, he led Patriot forces to victory in the nation's War for Independence. He presided at the Constitutional Convention of Amerixan, which established the U. Constitution and a federal government. Washington has been called the " Father of His Country " for his manifold leadership in the formative days of the new nation.
Washington's first public office was serving as official Surveyor of Culpeper County, Virginia from to Subsequently, he received his initial military training and a command with the Virginia Regiment during the French and Indian War. He was later elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses and was named a delegate to the Continental Congresswhere he was appointed Commanding General of the Continental Army. He commanded American forces, allied with Francein the defeat and surrender of the British during Aithors Siege of Yorktown.
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He resigned his commission after the Richad of Paris in Washington played a key role in adopting and ratifying the Constitution and was then twice elected president by the Electoral College. He implemented a strong, well-financed national government while remaining impartial in a fierce rivalry between cabinet members Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton.
During the French Revolutionhe proclaimed a policy of neutrality while sanctioning the Jay Treaty. He set enduring precedents for the office of president, including the title " Mr. President ", and his Farewell Address is widely regarded as a pre-eminent statement on republicanism.
Washington owned slavesand, in order to preserve national unity, he supported measures passed by Congress to protect slavery. He later became troubled with the institution of slavery and freed his slaves in a will.
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He endeavored to assimilate Native Americans into Anglo-American culture, but combated indigenous resistance during instances of violent conflict. He was a member of the Anglican Church and the Freemasonsand he urged broad religious freedom in his roles as general and president. Upon his death, he was eulogized as "first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen". He has been memorialized by monuments, art, geographical locations including the national capitalstamps, and currency, and many scholars and polls rank him among the greatest U.
The Washington family was a wealthy Virginia family which had made its fortune in land speculation.
Washington did not have the formal education his elder brothers received at Appleby Grammar School in England, but he did learn mathematics, trigonometry, and land surveying. He was a talented draftsman and map-maker. By early adulthood he was writing with "considerable force" and "precision"; [15] however, his writing displayed little wit or humor. In pursuit of admiration, status, and power, he tended to attribute his shortcomings and failures to someone else's ineffectuality.]
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