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PDF The Federal Reserve Payments Study study is the seventh in a series of triennial studies conducted by the Federal Reserve System since to estimate aggregate trends in noncash payments in the United States. This brief contains initial results for on the national use of core noncash payment systems, defined as credit cards, prepaid and non-prepaid debit cards, the automated clearinghouse ACH system, and checks. It also reports initial data for on the national use of automated teller machines ATMs for cash withdrawals. Some data from previous survey years are restated in this brief to account for new information or to provide consistency in light of changes to survey questions and definitions. The data encompass the payment and withdrawal activities of consumers and businesses, including for-profit and not-for-profit enterprises and federal, state, and local government agencies. Key Findings The number of core noncash payments, comprising debit card, credit card, ACH, and check payments, reached By value, the recent growth rate 3. Total card payments both credit and debit , which represented 7. Debit cards, including both prepaid and non-prepaid, were used almost twice as often as credit cards in , but the value of credit card payments exceeded the value of debit card payments by almost 30 percent. In-person general-purpose card payments increasingly involved chip authentication: More than half used chip authentication in compared with 2. Summary Of Fed Up By Stephanie Soechtig
Farr v.
ECF No. Farr claims that he received a threatening note from a fellow prisoner and informed the Defendants of the threat. See id. However, Farr claims that Defendants ignored Farr's communications informing them about the threat. On September 22,the inmate who had threatened Farr, his cellmate, physically assaulted him. This court referred the matter to Magistrate Judge R. To sustain a failure to protect Soecytig under the Eighth Amendment, a plaintiff must satisfy a two-prong test. The first prong of a failure to protect claim requires an inmate to satisfy an objective standard. A prisoner must demonstrate that he was "incarcerated under conditions posing a substantial risk of Sofchtig harm. Hamblen Cnty, Tenn. Brennan, U. The second prong is subjective.
Under the second prong, a prisoner must prove that officials were deliberately indifferent to his health or safety. A prisoner must "show that the official being sued subjectively perceived facts from which to infer substantial risk to the prisoner, that he did in Summary Of Fed Up By Stephanie Soechtig draw the inference, Summary Of Fed Up By Stephanie Soechtig then disregarded that risk. Bouchard, F. App'x6th Cir. McCrary, F. Prison officials must have a subjective state of mind that is "more blameworthy than negligence"; the state of mind must be akin to criminal recklessness.
Cameron, F. App'x at quoting Farmer, U. Officials are not liable if "they knew the underlying facts but believed albeit unsoundly that the risk to which the facts gave rise was insubstantial or nonexistent. And Slechtig prison official is not liable if he knew about a substantial risk, responded reasonably, but the harm was still not averted.
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Wilson v. Williams, F. Further, "generally an isolated or occasional attack is not sufficient to state a claim" for deliberate indifference. Stewart v. Love, F. Defendants' summary judgment motion argues that Plaintiff did not prove the second, subjective component of the failure to protect test and could not show that Defendants were deliberately indifferent to a serious threat because Defendants did not know about the threat against Farr. Defendants filed a response to Farr's objection on October 16, The court also concludes that Eleventh Amendment Immunity applies to prevent claims against Defendants in their official capacities. This court "may accept, reject or modify, in whole or in Soechyig, the findings or recommendations made by the magistrate judge.
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Objections that dispute the general correctness of the report and recommendation are improper. Miller v. Currie, 50 F. Moreover, objections must be clear so that the district court can "discern those issues that are dispositive and contentious. Sec'y of Health and Human Servs.
Arn, U.]
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