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Reflection Of My Writing ClassThe sociology of race and ethnicity began to take shape Reflectiion the late 19th century. The American sociologist W. Du Bois, who was the first African American to earn a Ph. However, the subfield today differs greatly from its early stages. When early American sociologists focused on race and ethnicity, du Bois excepted, they tended to focus on the concepts of integration, acculturation, and assimilation, in keeping with the view of the U. Concerns during the early 20th century were for teaching those who differed visually, culturally, or linguistically from the white Ango-Saxon norms how to think, speak, and act in accordance with them.
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This approach to studying race and ethnicity framed those who were not white Anglo-Saxon as problems that needed to be solved and was directed primarily by sociologists who were white men from middle to upper-class families. As more people of color and women became social scientists throughout the twentieth century, they created and developed theoretical perspectives that differed from the normative approach in sociology, and crafted research from Mu standpoints that shifted the analytic focus from particular populations to social relations and the social system. Today, sociologists within the subfield of race and ethnicity focus on areas including racial and ethnic identities, social relations and interactions within and across racial and ethnic lines, racial and ethnic stratification and segregation, culture and worldview and how these relate to race, and power and inequality Reflection Of My Writing Class to majority and minority statuses in society.
How Sociologists Define Race and Ethnicity Race refers to how we categorize people by skin color and phenotype--certain physical facial Coass that are shared to a certain degree by a given group. Common racial categories that most people would recognize in the U. But the tricky bit is that there is absolutely no biological determinant of race.
Instead, sociologists recognize that our idea of race and racial categories are social constructs that are unstable and shifting, and that can be seen to have changed over time in relation to historical and political events. We also recognize race as defined in large part by context.
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Ethnicity is Reflection Of My Writing Class a bit more difficult to explain for most people. Unlike race, which is primarily seen and understood on the basis of skin color and phenotype, ethnicity does not necessarily provide visual cues. Instead, it is based on a shared common culture, including elements like language, religion, art, music, and literature, and norms, customs, practices, and history. An ethnic group does not exist simply because of the common national or cultural origins of the group, however. For example, prior to immigration to Ref,ection U. However, the process of immigration and the experiences they faced as a group in their new homeland, including discrimination, created a new ethnic identity.
Within a racial group, there can be several ethnic groups. For example, a http://pinsoftek.com/wp-content/custom/human-swimming/hospice-vs-palliative-care-essay.php American might identify as part of a variety of ethnic groups including German American, Polish American, and Irish American, among others.
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Other examples of ethnic groups within the U. This concept refers to the way in which people of color in predominantly white societies and spaces and ethnic minorities have the experience of seeing themselves through their own eyes, but also of seeing themselves as "other" through the eyes of the white majority. This results in a conflicting and often distressing experience of the process of identity formation. Racial formation theory, developed by sociologists Howard Winant and Reflection Of My Writing Class Omi, frames race as an unstable, ever-evolving social construct that is tied to historical and political events. They assert that differing "racial projects" that seek to define race and racial categories are engaged in constant competition to give the dominant meaning to race. Their theory illuminates how race has been and continues to be a politically contested social construct, upon which is granted access to rights, resources, and power.
The theory of systemic racism, developed by sociologist Joe Feagin, is an importantly and widely used theory of race and racism that has gained particular traction since the rise of the BlackLivesMatter movement. Feagin's theory, rooted in historical documentation, asserts that racism was built into the very foundation of U.
Connecting economic wealth and impoverishment, politics and disenfranchisement, racism within Rfelection like schools and media, to racist assumptions and ideas, Feagin's theory is a road map for understanding the origins of racism in the U.]
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