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Ancient[ edit ] Most ancient cultures, including thinkers of Ancient Greece , [14] Ancient China , and Ancient India , [15] lacked the concept of creativity, seeing art as a form of discovery and not creation. The ancient Greeks had no terms corresponding to "to create" or "creator" except for the expression "poiein" "to make" , which only applied to poiesis poetry and to the poietes poet, or "maker" who made it. Plato did not believe in art as a form of creation. Asked in The Republic , [16] "Will we say, of a painter, that he makes something? Boorstin , "the early Western conception of creativity was the Biblical story of creation given in the Genesis. In the Judaeo-Christian tradition, creativity was the sole province of God; humans were not considered to have the ability to create something new except as an expression of God's work. However, none of these views are similar to the modern concept of creativity, and the individual was not seen as the cause of creation until the Renaissance. This could be attributed to the leading intellectual movement of the time, aptly named humanism , which developed an intensely human-centric outlook on the world, valuing the intellect and achievement of the individual. However, this shift was gradual and would not become immediately apparent until the Enlightenment. In particular, they refer to the work of Francis Galton , who through his eugenicist outlook took a keen interest in the heritability of intelligence, with creativity taken as an aspect of genius. Family System Theoretical Connections

Family System Theoretical Connections - regret, that

Sexuality Coping Select a family, other than your own, and seek permission from the family to conduct an interview. Utilize the interview questions complied in your interview questionnaire to conduct a family-focused functional assessment. Document the responses as you conduct the interview. Upon completion of the interview, write a ,word paper. Analyze your assessment findings. Submit your questionnaire as an appendix with your assignment. Include the following in your paper: Describe the family structure.

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392 Internal Family Systems Theory Family System Theoretical Connections

For Family System Theoretical Connections, given the statement "all swans are white" and the initial condition "there is a swan here", we can deduce "the swan here is white", but if what is observed is "the swan here is not white" say blacksource "all swans are Theoretocal is false, or it was not a swan. For Popper, induction is actually never used in science. Ayer wanted to formalize the idea that, for a law to be scientific, it must be possible to argue on the basis of observations either in favor of its truth or its falsity.

There was no consensus among these philosophers about how to achieve that, but the thought expressed by Mach's dictum that "where Family System Theoretical Connections confirmation nor refutation is possible, science is not concerned" was accepted as a basic precept of critical reflection about science. He cited his encounter with psychoanalysis in the s. It did not matter what observation was presented, psychoanalysis could explain it.

Unfortunately, the reason why it could explain everything is that it did not exclude anything also.

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From a logical standpoint, if one finds an observation that does not contradict a law, it does not mean that the law is true. A verification has no value in itself.

Family System Theoretical Connections

But, if the law makes risky predictions and these are corroborated, Popper says, there is a reason to prefer this law over another law that makes less risky predictions or no predictions at all. On the basic philosophical side of this issue, Popper said that some philosophers of the Vienna Circle had mixed two different problems, that of meaning and that of demarcation, and had proposed in verificationism a single solution Family System Theoretical Connections both: a statement that could not be verified was considered meaningless.

In opposition to this view, Popper said Famly there are meaningful theories that are not scientific, and that, accordingly, a criterion of meaningfulness does not coincide with a criterion of demarcation. The first challenge corresponds to decisions Famoly must be agreed upon by scientists before an attempt to falsify a theory can be successful. The second challenge is how to use falsifications successful attempts and corroborations rejected attempts to explain progress in science.

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Lakatos said that there were two incorrect approaches, which he called dogmatic falsificationism and naive falsificationism. Dogmatic falsificationism ignores both challenges, whereas naive falsificationism addresses the first challenge only. Popper's methodology is not and has never been based on one of the two SSystem approaches. This leads to the critique that it is unclear which theory is falsified. Is it the one that is being studied or the one behind the observation? An example is Galileo's refutation of the theory that celestial bodies are faultless crystal balls. Many Family System Theoretical Connections that it was the optical theory of the telescope that was false, not the theory of celestial bodies. Another Theoreical is the theory that neutrinos are emitted in beta decays.

Had they not been observed in Essays the law Sex and Cowan—Reines neutrino experimentmany would have considered that the strength of the beta-inverse reaction used to detect the neutrinos was not sufficiently high.

At the time, Grover Maxwell wrote, the possibility that this strength was sufficiently high was a "pious hope". For the falsification to logically occur, a ceteris paribus clause must say that no auxiliary hypothesis is responsible for the contradicting observation. Again, this leads to the critique that it cannot be told if it is the theory or the ceteris paribus clause that is false. Lakatos gives the example of the path of a planet. If the path contradicts Newton's law, we will not know if it is Newton's law that is false or the assumption Family System Theoretical Connections no other body influenced the path. Popper was aware that one can Theoretica find another auxiliary hypothesis, [O] though he clearly distinguished falsifiable theories such as Newton theory and non-falsifiable theories on this respect.

Family System Theoretical Connections

So, Popper says that "Science does not rest upon solid bedrock". Naive falsificationism[ edit ] According to Lakatos, naive falsificationism is the claim that methodological falsifications can by themselves explain how scientific knowledge progresses.]

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