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Energy stored in a compliant substrate may be returned to the animal or it may be lost. In all cases studied so far, animals jumping from a static start lose all of the energy imparted to compliant substrates and performance is reduced. Cuban tree frogs Osteopilus septentrionalis are particularly capable arboreal jumpers, and we hypothesized that these animals would be able to recover energy from perches of varying compliance. In spite of large deflections of the perches and consequent substantial energy absorption, frogs were able to regain some of the energy lost to the perch during the recoil. Takeoff velocity was robust to changes in compliance, but was lower than when jumping from flat surfaces.Think, that: Elastic Potential Energy Experiment
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Elastic Potential Energy Experiment
Experimental observation of the elastic range scaling in turbulent flow with polymer additives by Thamarasee JeewandaraPhys.
A and B Cartoons showing the physical picture of the energy cascade in turbulent flow of pure water and dilute polymer solution. C and D The second-order longitudinal VSF in turbulent flow of pure water case and dilute polymer solution case. Credit: Science Advances, doi: A fundamental riddle in materials science is to understand how these polymer additives interact with different Potntial scales in turbulent flow to alter the turbulence energy transfer.
In a new report now on Science Advances, Yi-Bao Zhang and a research team showed how turbulent kinetic energy could be transferred across different scales in the presence of polymer Elastic Potential Energy Experiment. The team noted the emergence of a previously unidentified scaling range known as the elastic range, where an increased amount of energy could be transferred by the elasticity of the polymers. The findings have important applications across many turbulent systems, including turbulence in plasmas or superfluids.
INTRODUCTION
Flow properties and velocity structure function VSF Materials scientists have shown how dissolving a tiny amount of long-chain flexible polymer in a fluid could change the flow properties. Elastic Potential Energy Experiment number helps predict flow patterns under different fluid flow situations. At low Reynolds, normal fluid flow is stable and laminar, and the addition of polymers can induce strong fluctuations to create elastic turbulence. High-Reynolds number turbulent flows can result in substantial reduction of drag and the enhancement or reduction of convective heat transfer. Researchers aim to understand the interaction between polymers and the turbulence cascade for theoretical reasons and practical applications.
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It is presently critical to comprehensively measure the energy spectra or the velocity structure function VSF in turbulent flows with polymer additives. In this report, Zhang et al. The solid curves are fits to the parameterization function Eq. B Elastic Potential Energy Experiment same data as in A but S2,p r is compensated by elastic range scaling r1. For the sake of clarity, each dataset has been shifted up by 0. The cyan and magenta pentacles show the crossover scales a1 between the Experimeent and the elastic ranges and a2 between the elastic and the inertial ranges, respectively.
1. Introduction
C The same data as in A but S2, p r is compensated by its exact form in the elastic range given by the parameterization: s2xxa0. They measured the three Elastic Potential Energy Experiment of fluid velocity in a central planar passing through the axis of the tank using a stereoscopic particle image velocimetry PIV system. According to the measurements, the flow near the center of the tank was nearly homogeneous and isotropic for both flows with water and with dilute solutions of long-chain polymers in water. The scientists used polyacrylamide PAM for the polymers during the experiments.]
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