Seawalls Research Paper - commit error
During storm surges or even high tides, wave overtopping and splash-up would often threaten the safety of infrastructures, traffic and residents behind the seawalls. Therefore, the paper studies the wave-wall interactions using hydraulic small scale model tests. We conducted experiments on model seawalls with different faces and bullnoses. The obtained data shows that bullnoses help to considerably reduce wave overtopping discharg. Therefore, the magnitude of these decreasing effects is quantitatively ascertained.Seawalls Research Paper Video
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Let's go! Frequently asked questions Crowned by glittering skyscrapers, Singapore also wears a "necklace" of green, brown, blue and grey - a mosaic of colour and texture. From seawalls and mangroves to sandy beaches Seawalls Research Paper rocky shores, these coastlines separate the Republic from the rising tides. But this coastal patchwork also means there is no one-size-fits-all approach to protecting Seawalls Research Paper country's coastlines from rising sea levels, said Professor Robert Nicholls, a coastal engineering expert who has advised the Singapore Government on adaptation strategies.
Resewrch 70 per cent of Singapore's coastline is currently protected by hard structures, said Ms Hazel Khoo, director of the coastal protection department at national water agency PUB. These include concrete seawalls and stone revetment walls, as well as hard infrastructure like the Marina Barrage and dams such as the ones in Kranji and Yishun, she said. Nature dominates the rest.
Wave Overtopping at Seawalls with Bullnose
About 16 per cent of the coast are mangroves and mudflats, 12 per cent are sandy beaches, and less than 1 per cent are rocky shore habitats, noted Mr Lim Liang Jim, group director for conservation at the National Parks Board NParks. But the impact of climate change, including sea-level rise, could affect the people and places here. Already, the Meteorological Service Seawalls Research Paper assessed last year that the country's average sea level today is 14cm above pre levels.
And with human activities emitting more heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere, causing water to expand and ice sheets to melt, the situation looks set to worsen. Ina major United Nations report found that if emissions remain high, sea-level rise in the centuries ahead could exceed rates of several centimetres per year, instead of the current increase measured in millimetres per year.
In response to this threat, new developments such as the Tuas Port will be built at least 5m above sea levels. But Singapore is also looking at ways to protect its coastlines, and whether it can combine man-made structures with nature to keep out the rising tides. Mangroves, for instance, can help to prevent coastline erosion, protecting coastlines during Seawalls Research Paper surges and shielding seagrass beds and coral reefs from siltation, said NParks' Mr Lim.
Mangroves also play a role in soaking up the planet-warming carbon dioxide that is driving climate change, with the ability to capture more than three times the carbon in dryland tropical rainforests, he added. PUB's Ms Khoo said the efficacies of hybrid solutions combining Seawalls Research Paper and soft measures will need further study.
Studies at the coastlines of the City-East Coast stretch and Jurong Island will start this year, while studies in the remaining areas in the north-west are expected to commence next year. Ms Khoo said PUB divided Singapore's coastline into different segments, knowing that different strategies will be needed to Seawalls Research Paper each of them.
Find out more about climate change and how it could affect you on the ST microsite here. A version of this article appeared in the print edition of The Straits Times on April 19,with the headline 'S'pore's coastal guardians against the rising sea'. Subscribe Topics:.]
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