Nihilism In The Stranger By Albert Camus Video
The Stranger - Thug Notes Summary and Analysis Nihilism In The Stranger By Albert CamusTo Sartre, "existence precedes essence" means that a personality is not built over a previously designed model or a precise purpose, because it is the human being who chooses to engage in such enterprise. While not denying the constraining conditions of human existence, he answers to Spinoza who affirmed that people are determined by what surrounds them.
Therefore, to Sartre an oppressive situation is not intolerable in itself, but once regarded as such by those who feel oppressed the situation becomes intolerable. So by projecting my intentions onto my present condition, "It is I who freely transform it into action". When he said that "the world is a mirror of my freedom ", he meant that the world obliged me to react, to overtake myself. It is this overtaking of a present constraining situation by a project to come that Sartre names transcendence. He added that "we are condemned to be free".
As Sartre puts it in his Existentialism is a Humanism : "man first of all exists, encounters himself, surges Nihilism In The Stranger By Albert Camus in the world — and defines himself afterwards". Humans are different from houses because unlike houses they don't have an inbuilt purpose: they are free to choose their own purpose and thereby shape their essence, their existence precedes their essence.
Sartre is committed to a radical conception of freedom: nothing fixes our purpose but we ourselves, our projects have no weight or inertia except for our endorsement of them. Sedimentations are themselves products of past choices and can be changed by choosing differently in the present, but such changes happen slowly. They are a force of inertia that shapes the agent's evaluative outlook on the world until the transition is complete. According to Sartre's account, however, this would be a kind of bad faith.
What is meant by the statement is that people are 1 defined only insofar as they act and 2 that they are responsible for their actions. To clarify, it can be said that a person who acts cruelly towards other people is, by that act, defined as a cruel person and in that same instance, they as opposed to their genes, for instance are defined as being responsible for being this cruel person.
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Of course, the more positive therapeutic aspect of this is also implied: You can choose to act in a different way, and to be a good person instead of a cruel person. Here it is also clear that since people can choose to be either cruel or good, they are, in fact, neither of these things essentially. What is meant by existence is the concrete life of each individual, and their concrete ways of being in the world. Even though this concrete individual existence must be the primary source of information in the study of people, certain conditions are commonly held to be "endemic" to human existence.
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These conditions are usually in some way related to the inherent meaninglessness or absurdity of the earth and its apparent contrast Albeft our pre-reflexive lived lives which normally present themselves to us as meaningful. A central theme is that since the world "in-itself" is absurd, that is, not "fair", then a meaningful life can at any point suddenly lose all its meaning. The reasons why this happens are many, ranging from a tragedy that "tears Albrt person's world apart", to the results of an honest inquiry into one's own existence. Such an encounter can http://pinsoftek.com/wp-content/custom/human-swimming/virtual-reality-in-star-trek-the-next-generation.php a person mentally unstable, and avoiding such instability by making people aware of their condition and ready to handle it is one of the central themes of existentialism. Albert Camusfor instance, famously claimed in Le Mythe de Sisyphe that "there is only one truly serious philosophical problem, and that is suicide".
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Such an encounter cannot be without philosophical significance, and existentialist philosophers derive many metaphysical theories from these encounters. These are often related to the selfconsciousness and freedom as well as the nature of meaning. Criticism[ edit ] Sartre's definition of existentialism was based on Heidegger's magnum opus Being and Time In the correspondence with Jean Beaufret later published as the Letter on HumanismHeidegger implied that Sartre misunderstood him for his own purposes of subjectivism, and that he did not mean that actions take precedence over being so long as those actions were not reflected upon.]
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