2.2 Describe The Factors To Consider When Promoting - authoritative
History[ edit ] The Statute of Anne , an act of the Parliament of Great Britain , created copyright law to replace a system of private ordering enforced by the Stationers' Company. The Statute of Anne did not provide for legal unauthorized use of material protected by copyright. In Gyles v Wilcox , [4] the Court of Chancery established the doctrine of "fair abridgement", which permitted unauthorized abridgement of copyrighted works under certain circumstances. Over time, this doctrine evolved into the modern concepts of fair use and fair dealing. Fair use was a common-law doctrine in the U. The term "fair use" originated in the United States. A similar-sounding principle, fair dealing , exists in some other common law jurisdictions but in fact it is more similar in principle to the enumerated exceptions found under civil law systems. Civil law jurisdictions have other limitations and exceptions to copyright. 2.2 Describe The Factors To Consider When PromotingOpinion: 2.2 Describe The Factors To Consider When Promoting
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| 2.2 Describe The Factors To Consider When Promoting | The four factors of analysis for fair use set forth above derive from the opinion of Joseph Story in Folsom v. Marsh, in which the defendant had copied pages from the plaintiff's volume biography of George Washington in order to produce a separate two-volume work of his own. The court rejected the defendant's fair use defense with the following explanation. Apartheid (South African English: / ə ˈ p ɑːr t eɪ d /; Afrikaans: [aˈpartɦɛit], segregation; lit. "aparthood") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from until the early s. Apartheid was characterised by an authoritarian political culture based on baasskap (or white supremacy), which ensured that. 2 days ago · Microbiology: An Introduction, 13e (Tortora et al.) Chapter 1 The Microbial World and You Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Microorganisms are involved in each of the following processes EXCEPT A) infection. B) decomposition of organic material. C) O2 production. D) food production. E) smog production. 5 2) Each of the following organisms would be considered a microbe EXCEPT A) yeast. . |
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Main article: Apartheid legislation NP leaders argued that South Africa did not comprise a single nation, but was made up of four distinct racial groups: white, black, Coloured and Indian. Such groups were split into 13 nations or racial federations. White people encompassed the English and Afrikaans language groups; the black populace was divided into ten such groups. Read more state passed laws that paved the way for "grand apartheid", which was centred on separating races on a large scale, by compelling people to live in separate places defined by race.
This strategy was in part adopted from "left-over" British rule that separated different racial groups after they took control of the Boer republics in the Anglo-Boer war. This created the black-only " townships " or "locations", where blacks were relocated to their own towns. In addition, "petty apartheid" laws were passed.
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The principal apartheid laws were as follows. This Act put an end to diverse areas and determined where one lived according to race.
Each race was allotted its own area, which was used in later years as a basis of forced removal. Under the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act ofmunicipal grounds could be reserved for a particular race, creating, among other things, separate beachesbuseshospitalsschools and universities.
Signboards such as "whites only" applied to Factros areas, even including park benches. The Suppression of Communism Act of banned any party subscribing to Communism. The act defined Communism and its aims so sweepingly that anyone who opposed government policy risked being labelled as a Communist. Since the law specifically stated that Communism aimed to disrupt racial harmony, it was frequently used to gag opposition to apartheid.
Disorderly gatherings were banned, as were certain organisations that were deemed threatening to the government.
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The Bantu Authorities Act of created separate government structures for blacks and whites and was the first piece of legislation to support the government's plan of separate development in the bantustans. So-called "self—governing Bantu units" were proposed, which would have devolved administrative powers, with the promise later of autonomy and self-government. It also abolished the seats of white representatives of black South Africans and removed from the rolls the few blacks still qualified to vote.
The Bantu Investment Corporation Act of set up a mechanism to transfer capital to the homelands to create employment there. Legislation of allowed the government to stop industrial development Peomoting "white" cities and redirect such development to the "homelands".
It changed the status of blacks to citizens of one of the ten autonomous territories. The aim was to ensure a demographic majority of white people within South Africa by having all ten Bantustans achieve full independence.]
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